A heating system functions to warm up the passenger compartment of the car. It works in a very simple way, taking advantage of the heat naturally produced by the engine.
The car's engine is designed to convert the energy released from the combustion of fuel into the force needed to drive your car. One of the major by-products of the engine's operation, however, is excess heat. A significant amount of heat is generated every time combustion occurs. Heat energy is also generated by the spinning motion of the engine's crank shaft. The cooling system reduces enough of this heat to ensure the engine runs properly. It does this by pumping engine coolant through the engine block, around the valves and cylinders, and through the radiator. The radiator dissipates the heat through the air, keeping the engine at an acceptable operating temperature.
Since the engine coolant is running through the engine, car engineers realized they could use the heat it stores to warm up the car as well. After the coolant runs through the engine, it passes through the car's heater core, which is just like a radiator. It is comprised of a series of tubes arranged in a parallel series. The coolant runs through the tubes and small metal fins attached to the tubes dissipate the heat as much as possible. The heater fan blows air over the heater core and into the car's ventilation system, providing the heat needed to warm your car.
Since the car's heater core and fan act in the same way as the radiator, taking heat from the engine and dissipating it through the air, they are basically a secondary engine cooling system. It's for this reason that when your car is overheating, you can turn your heater on full blast to help keep the engine's temperature down a bit. It seems as through a car's heater would create more engine heat, but in actuality, it has the opposite effect.
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